Security deposit rules in Quebec: what landlords and tenants need to know
In Quebec, all security and pet deposits are prohibited under the Civil Code, with landlords generally limited to collecting only the first month’s rent upfront.This guide covers Quebec tenancy law only. For other provinces, see our [rental laws guides].
Quebec has the most tenant-protective deposit rules in Canada. Under the Civil Code of Quebec, administered by the Tribunal administratif du logement (TAL), security deposits are prohibited entirely.
Are Security Deposits Allowed in Quebec?
No. Under article 1904 of the Civil Code of Quebec, a landlord cannot require any amount from a tenant other than rent. This prohibition covers damage deposits, pet deposits, key deposits, cleaning deposits, and any other form of upfront payment beyond the first month's rent.
Can a Landlord Collect the First Month's Rent in Advance?
Yes. Landlords may require the first month's rent before the tenancy begins. This is the only upfront payment permitted.
What if a Tenant Voluntarily Offers a Deposit?
This is a grey area in Quebec law. A deposit offered freely by the tenant, with no pressure or suggestion from the landlord, may be accepted in limited circumstances. However, this is not settled law and has produced inconsistent decisions at the TAL. Landlords should not request, suggest, or accept deposits as a condition of tenancy.
What Can Tenants Do if Charged a Deposit?
If your landlord has required any form of deposit, you can file a complaint with the TAL. The TAL handles all residential landlord and tenant disputes in Quebec and can order the return of any amount collected in breach of the Civil Code.
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